Bells for America

The Netherlands Carillon stands out in the American memorial landscape. Situated between Arlington National Cemetery and the Marine Corps War Memorial, the modernist design of this 127-foot steel bell tower is strangely at odds with its surroundings, much in the same way that its prominent place is at odds with its absence in American memory. In this book, Diederik Oostdijk reveals the intriguing history of this major monument hidden in plain sight.

Given to the United States in the 1950s by the Dutch government as a gesture of gratitude for America’s role in the Dutch liberation during World War II and for the Marshall Plan aid that helped rebuild the Dutch economy, the carillon owes its conspicuous placement to the Cold War. Oostdijk traces the history of this monument, from its creation and the pageantry surrounding its presentation through its fall into disrepair and plans for its renewal. In so doing, he resolves the paradox of the carillon’s placement in Arlington and unearths a fascinating and compelling story of diplomacy and humanity.

Interweaving art history, campanology, landscape architecture, literature, musicology, and diplomatic history, Bells for America recounts how the Netherlands and the United States reconstructed their national identities and fostered an international relationship in the postwar era through public art.

“For my country, the Netherlands Carillon is a symbol of gratitude for the role the U.S. played during and after World War II. It’s a beacon of the lasting friendship between our countries that goes back more than four hundred years. Studying the origin of the carillon serves as a constant reminder that we need to cherish this relationship, and I welcome the effort Diederik Oostdijk undertook to shine new light on this historic monument that stands tall over Washington, D.C.”—Henne Schuwer, Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the United States

“A fascinating story of a monument hidden in plain sight. It is as a work of writing that the book stands out—a work of feeling. Bells for America is a meditation on human society, on its failures and blunders and hopes. Almost always inharmonious, such a society still dreams of making perfect sounds.”—Alexander Nemerov, author of Soulmaker: The Times of Lewis Hine

“A great accomplishment of Oostdijk’s history is to reveal the passions and machinations behind the carillon’s deceptive simplicity. It is the rare piece of architecture writing that exposes what you can’t see simply by looking at the work.”—Bradford McKee, Landscape Architecture Magazine

“Oostdijk’s book recounts the bumpy ride of the Netherlands Carillon. In Washington, nothing that big and prominent is without controversy.”—John Kelly, The Washington Post

“Oostdijk takes us with heartfelt understanding from the inception of the carillon idea to fund raising, site selecting, building, maintaining, and more recent efforts to restore the monument—all the while tracing the influence of the Cold War on these steps.”—Verena B. Drake, Journal of American History

“Bells for America presents a sophisticated interdisciplinary analysis, neatly combined with lively anecdotes as well as some more personal reflections. The book is visually appealing and well illustrated while the writing generally flows smoothly from the pages through colorful prose. It provides valuable contributions not just to the specific history of Dutch-American relations, but to broader academic debates about the role of monuments and commemorations, gift giving and expressions of gratitude—and the vital role of non-state actors in this context—as part of the broader diplomatic process.”—Albertine Bloemendal, Diplomatica

“This cultural history, ostensibly on the esoteric subject of building a Dutch carillon in the U.S. capital, is also a first-rate diplomatic history book. Diederik Oostdijk uses his nation’s gift of gratitude for exploring America’s confusing Cold War policies. . . . The physical well-being of this carillon—a musical instrument of fifty mostly dissonant bells housed in a modernist steel tower—serves as symbol for the geopolitical ups and downs in the post–World War era.”—Verena B. Drake, Journal of American History

Diederik Oostdijk is Professor of English Literature at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. He is the author of Among the Nightmare Fighters: American Poets of World War II and coeditor of Tales of the Great American Victory: World War II Politics and Poetics.

List of Illustrations

Acknowledgments

Introduction: Forestroke

1. Bells for America

2. The Smallest Bell (1952)

3. Casting the Carillon (1954)

4. A Modernist Tower on the Monumental Axis (1960)

5. A Cold War Relic (1995)

Conclusion: The Echo of Dissonance

Notes

Bibliography

Index

Art History & Architecture

           American

           European

           Modern and Contemporary

History

           U.S.

           Twentieth-century